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Hip dysplasia is a developmental condition in which the ball and socket of the hip do not fit together properly. Over time the loose joint wears unevenly, leading to pain and arthritis. Spotting the first signs early gives you more options. This guide is general information; only a vet can diagnose hip dysplasia.
Which dogs are at risk?
It is most common in large and giant breeds such as German Shepherds, Labrador and Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers, Saint Bernards and Great Danes, but smaller dogs can be affected too. Genetics play a big role; rapid growth, excess weight and certain types of exercise in puppyhood can also contribute.
Early signs of hip dysplasia
- “Bunny hopping”: moving both back legs together when running or climbing stairs
- Unusual sitting: sitting with one or both back legs sticking out to the side instead of tucked under
- Difficulty getting up, especially after rest
- Reluctance to run, jump or climb stairs
- Swaying or narrow stance in the back legs when walking
- Limping or stiffness in the hind end, often worse after exercise
- Clicking or popping from the hip area
- Muscle loss in the thighs, sometimes with bulkier shoulders as dogs shift weight forward
Signs in puppies vs older dogs
| Puppies and young dogs | Adult and senior dogs | |
|---|---|---|
| When | Often from about 4 to 12 months old | Gradual onset as arthritis develops |
| Typical signs | Bunny hopping, reluctance to play, sitting oddly, tiring quickly | Stiffness after rest, trouble with stairs, muscle loss, limping |
| Cause of pain | Joint looseness (laxity) | Arthritis caused by years of uneven wear |
How it is diagnosed
Your vet will examine your dog’s gait, check the hips for pain and looseness and take X-rays, usually under sedation. Specialized screening programs (such as OFA or PennHIP in the US) evaluate hips more precisely and are used by breeders.
What to do if you notice signs
- Book a vet visit; earlier diagnosis means more treatment options, including some only available for young dogs.
- Keep your dog lean.
- Swap high-impact play for leash walks and swimming.
- Add traction on floors and use ramps instead of jumps.
- Ask about joint support: see our guide to hip dysplasia supplements.
FAQ
Can a dog live a normal life with hip dysplasia?
Many do, with weight control, the right exercise, pain management and sometimes surgery.
Is bunny hopping always hip dysplasia?
No, but it is a common sign worth checking with your vet, along with other possible causes.
Last reviewed: November 2026. Prices and specifications change; check the retailer before you buy.